Well cleaning device



L. H. HAYWARD WELL CLEANING DEVICE May 23, 1939.

Filed Nov. 20, 1935 on uw E/ ,3. a im drill! Patented May 23, 1939PATENT ori-lace WELL CLEANING DEVICE Landes H. Hayward,` Beach, Calif.,assignor, by mesne assignments, to McGalley-Taylor Corpo ration,Bakersfield and Long Beach, Calif.,

:i corporation of' (}alll'ornia.yk y

` Application November 30, 1935, Serial No. 50,675

27 Claims- This invention relates generally to well cleaning devices andparticularly to devices for scavenging or cleaning the perforations inthe strainer casing of an oil well, whereby to revive or enhance itsflow.

To those familiar with the art of petroleum production, it is known thatan oil well contains an imperforate casing which' extends down to theoil producing sandor zone. It is attached to a strainer casing havingtherein slots or periorations through which the oil seeps, or ls 'forcedfrom the oil bearing zone by the rock pressure. The perforations in thevstrainer casing become .clogged with debris, sand, tar, parailin, andthe like, which retards the ilow of the oil into the casing, thusreducing the production of the well.

Furthermore, channels are formed in the formation adjacent theperforatedcasing due to the continuous passage of gas and oil therefrom into the'casing. When the natural gas pressure of the well begins to diminish,these channels also become clogged with sand, tar, and he like, whichretards the flow of oil into the perforated casing. It isr thecontemplation of this inven-I tion to open these channels and also theclogged perforations in the casing in order to enhance or revive theflow of the well.

Various types of apparatus are used for performing this cleaningoperation. Some comprise spaced packing devices which may be loweredinto the perforated casing to any designated zone and which areVcooperative with the casing to form a confined chamber from which fluidis forced through the perforations of the strainer casing.l Variousmethods are employed for forcing fluid from this chamber through theperforations of the packed off, area of the strainer casing. This issometimes accomplished by stationarlly supporting one packing devicewithin the perforated casing and moving the other of said packingmembers relative thereto for displacing the liquid therebetween. Anothermethod commonly employed is to stationarily support a. pair ofrelatively fixed packing devices within the Well .casing and force fluidtherefrom through the casing perforations in any one of a. number ofways,'al1 of which are well known to those familiar with the art. In anyevent the maximum distance between the packing members must be keptsmall to permit the building up of a pressure within the confinedchamber sumciently great to break the perforations in the strainercasing. Accordingly, a great number of settings of the packing membersis required to clean the entire length of casing. The perforated casingis sometimes a number of hundred feet in length and the time required toclean the same is an essential, since the well production is shut downduring the cleaning operation.

It is accordingly one of the objects of this invention to provide a wellcleaning device by which a. greater length of perforated casing orstrainer may be cleaned at each setting thereof than has heretofore beenpossible.

Another object of the invention is the provision' of packing means whichis cooperative with the interior of a perforated well casing fordefining a chamber therein, with means for moving said chamber andsimultaneously applying a uid pressure thereto during the course of itsmovement. A

A further object of the invention is the provision of a well washingdevice comprising means forming a' chamber within a perforated casing or-the like, with means for reciprocating said chamber within the casingand further means acting on said chamber for alternately increasing anddecreasing the fluid pressure` therein relative to the iluid pressureexternally of said casing, whereby to cause the flow of fluid back andforth through the perforations of said casing during the reciprocationof said chamber.

Anotherpobject of the invention is the provision of a device which maybe readily moved to any position within a perforated pipe in a well, ando which includes a pair of spaced packing devices which are cooperativewith said perforated pipe and adapted to be reciprocated therein asfluid pressure is applied therebetween from within the device, forforcing fluid outwardly through the perforations to effect a cleaningthereof.

Another objectof the invention is the provision of meansA Within thedevice itself, for applying a fluid pressure between the packing,de'dcesas they are moved in one direction for forcing fluid outwardlytherefrom through the perforations, and to lower the pressure betweensaid packing devices during their movement in the opposite direction toset up a differentiall pressure into the space therebetween, therebyfacilitating the cleaning of the perforations through the movement offluid therethrough in the opposite directilon. y

Another object of the invention is the provision of a device which isadapted to oe positioned within the perforated casing of a welll andwhich includes relatively fixed packing devices which are cooperativewith the interior of said casing and adapted to be moved relativethereto, as pressure is applied from within the device to the spacebetween `said packing devices, whereby to force iluid through the casingperforations.

A further object of the invention is to provide a device of thecharacter referred to which is simple of construction and which ispositive in its operation to effect the purpose for which it isdesigned.

This invention possesses many other advantages and has other objectswhich may be made more easily apparent from a consideration of theembodiment thereof shown in the accompanyving drawing and forming partofthe present specification. I shall now proceed to describe this formin detail, which illustrates the general principles of my invention; butit is to be understood that this'description is not to be taken in alimiting sense, since the scope of my invention is best defined in theappended claims.

In the drawing:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view through a perforated casingshowing the lower portion of my well washing apparatus supportedtherein.

Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view through the perforated casingshowing the upper portion of my device suspended therein.

Figure 3 is a transverse sectional View taken as indicated by line 3-3of Figure 1.

Figure 4 is a transverse sectional view taken as indicated by line 4-4of Figure 1.

Figure 5 is a transverse sectional view taken as indicated by line 5-5of Figure 1. l

Figure 6 illustrates a modified form of by-pass constructioncontemplated by my invention, and

Figure 'l is a transverse sectional view through said by-passconstruction and taken as indicated by line I--l of Figure 6.

'Ihewell cleaning device contemplated by my invention is shown within astrainer casing III such as is commonly employed inoil wells oppositethe oil producing zone. It is the practice to connect said perforatedcasing with a string of imperforate casing (not shown) which extends tothe top of the well and through which the oil is pumped to the surface.In general, my device includes upperfand lower 'sections A and Brespectively. The uppersection A is` connected to the end of a string oftubing II, by

' ment by a plurality of retaining wires I6 and I'I suitable packingmeans might be employed, Iv

prefer to use cup shaped packers constructed from rubber or othersuitable material and which are commonly known as'swab cups. Thesepackers are held against unlimited voutward movewhich are embedded inthe sides of said packers and have their outer ends secured in guiderings I8 and, I9. The upper swab cup I4 enters the lower cupped portionof a clamping member 20 and is invertedly supported between a shoulderedportion 2I of said clamping member and`a shoulder 22 welded or otherwisesecured to the hollow tubular member I3. The clamping member 20 is alsoprovided with an'upper cupped portion which receives another swab cup 23supported therein in an upright position. It is similar in construc- 'aguide ring 25. gether with the intermediate cupped member 20,

tion to the swab cups I4 and I5 and carries retaining wires 24 whoseouter ends are secured in 'I'he swab cups I4 and 23, to-

are all clamped between the shoulder 22 and the lower end of a. coupling26 which is threaded onto the upper end of the hollow tubular member I3and serves to connect said tubular member with the lower end of thetubing string II.

lThe lower swab cup I5 is supported in an upright position-relative tothe upper inverted swab cup I4. It enters a thimble 2I` and is clampedbetween said thimble and a fixed shoulder 2B on the hollow tubularmember I3 as by a nut-29 on the threaded end 30 of the hollow tubularmember. 'I'he threaded end of said tubular member enters a coupling 3Iwhich is in turn threaded into a cylinder 32. The cylinder slidablytelescopes over a plunger 33 carried on the upper end of section B, thusforming a fluid pressure chamber O. Communication between the chamber O'and the space P between the relatively xed packers I4 and I5, isestablished through the hollow tubular member I3 and openings 34 leadingtherefrom into the space between the packers I4 and I5. Thus, it will beobvious how I have established a uid passage between the outer wall andthe fluidA chamber O, through the casing perforations I2, space P,passages 34 and the hollow tubular member I3. It will also be obvioushow I have provided means for alternately increasing and decreasing thefluid pressure within the space Pvrelative to the exterior hydrovstaticpressure of the well, vupon reciprocating section A relative to sectionB; thus creating a swashing of fluid back and forth through the casingperforations. During the cleaning operation section B with its plunger33 is stationarily supported within the perforated casing I0 by a slipmechanism generally designated H and hereinafter fully described.

The reciprocating action of the section A may be accomplished byattaching the string of tubing II to the blocks and coupling mechanismusually found on the derrick structure. In the drawing, section A isshown at the upper end of its stroke at which time chamber O, tubularmemberr I3 and space P would all be filled with iiuid. The weight ofsaid tubing string is effectively utilized to operate section B on itsdownl ward stroke, to displace the fluid from chamber O and tubularmember I3 through the passages 34, thus building up a pressure in thespace P in excess of the hydrostatic pressure of the well.

It will be obvious how fluid will accordingly be forced from the space Poutwardly through the perforations., during the course of its downwardmovement.

The lower end of the perforated casing often experiences the greatestclogging effect, and an 4excessive pressure is sometimes required tobreak portion of the perforated casing. vThe washing operation isfurther enhanced during the up-V wardmovement of the section A. Whenmoved in this direction the internal pressure is correspondingly reducedas the area of the fluid chamberl O is increased, whereby the externalhydrostatic pressure in the well forces iluld from the well back throughthe perforations into the space P, through the tubular member I3 andinto the fluid chamber O. Thus, it will be seen that the fluid' is"forced back and forth through the perforated casing confined by themovable packing members I4 and I5 as said packers are reciprocated withsection A, resulting in an effective swashing effect for scavenging theperforations. In practice, the rdevice is usually rst lowered to thelower end of the perforated casing and the section A given oneor morestrokes of the, character heretofore described. In order to furtherenhance the effectiveness of the washing operation at the lower end ofthe perforated casing where the perforations are usually clogged thegreatest, I provide a packing member 34a on the lower end of cylinder32, and below the plunger 33 (Figure 1). I prefer to use a'packingmember similar in construction to the packing members I4 and I5, whichare shown as being in the form of annular swab cups made from suitableresilient material as heretofore explained. This swab cup 34a isinvertedly supported in an annular seat formed in a clutch member 35,which is in turn screw threaded into the lower end of the cylinder 32.Said swab cup` is held in said seat by a shouldered sleeve 35 which isthreaded into the clutch member 35.

Similarly to the packing cups I4 and I5, the packing cup 34a is heldagainst unlimited outward ,movement by retaining wires 31, which are`emyFigure 2.

l*As has heretofore been described, section B carries the plunger 33 andanchor means H for stationarily supporting it within the perforatedcasing, as section A is reciprocated relative thereto for effecting thewashing operation. The section'B includes upper and lower hollow tubularmembers 4I and 42 respectively, which are interconnected by a hollowcoupling member 43 to /casing It is provided with fluid passages 55a.

The coupling 43 serves as a slip head for the anchor means H and isprovided with tapered faces 44 which slidably receive slips 45, Theslips are connected through togglev links r45 to a collar 41 on theupper end of a slip control sleeve 48, which is slidable on the lowertubular member 42. Said collar surrounds the upper end of said sleeveand is rotatably supported thereon between a shoulder 49 `and nut 50threaded onto the upper end of the sleeve. The slip control sleeve 48carries a plurality of spring elements 5I which are adapted tofrictionally engage the interior of the perforated casing III. It alsocarries a bayonet slot 52 which slides over a pin 53 extending from thehollow tubular member 42. A dovetail connection (not shown) may beprovided between the slips and the head 43 to insure their engagementwith the tapered surfaces at all times. The bayonet slot and pinarrangementis such, that when the pin is in the offset portion of thebayonet slot, the slips are positively held in a retracted position awayfrom the perforated casing and the tubular member 42 of section B isrestrained against movement through the slip control'sleeve 48. Thislocked position of the slips in their retracted position is maintainedduring the movement of the apparatus into and out of the well, thusinsuring against their inadvertent engagement with the well casing..'When it is desired to set the apparatus for operation, a rotativemovement is imparted to section B'until the pin 53 registers with thelongitudinal portion of the bayonet slot 52. Section B is then free tomove downwardly relative to the slip control sleeve 48 which isstationarily supported by the frictional engagement of the springmembers 5I with the casing I0. -It will thus be obvious how the slipswill be forced outwardly by the slip head 43 until they engage theinterior of the casing I0 at which time they become effective tostationarlly support the entire section B with its plunger 33.

The means for rotating section B to lock and unlock the slip mechanism,comprises clutch means between sections A and B, whereby the operatorcan, upon rotatingthe string of tubing I I, impart a rotative movementto section B. This clutch means is in the form of two pairs ofdiametrically opposed arcuate lugs I9a and 28a, which extend from theplunger 33 and clutch member 35 respectively. Figures 4 and 5 show therelative position of the opposing pair 0f lugs just before engagement,which is accomplished by raising section A until the lugs 20a of theclutch member 35 enter the spaces between the lugs I9a, at which timesections A and B may be rotated as a unit.

In order to insure avtight seal between the plunger 33 and telescopingcylinder 32, I provide passages 56 which are communicative between thefluid pressure chamber O, and the joint formed between the piston body51 and the yieldable packing ring 58. Said packing ring is held betweenan annular shoulder 59 formed on the lower end of the plunger, and aretaining nut 60 threaded onto the upper end of the piston body. 'I'henut E0 is secured in place by a lock nut 6I. When the cylinder 32 ismoved downwardly it will be obvious how fluid will be forced through thepassages and behind the packing ring, thus urging it against theinterior of said cylinder to insure a tight seal therewith.

In order to facilitate the movement of the apparatus into and out of auld lled well casing, a by-pass structure is provided in the plunger 33for the passagefof iuld. The pistonbody 51 is threaded onto the upperend of the hollow tubular member 4I and has an opening 62 therethroughwhich forms a continuation of the passage D in said tube. A member 53 isthreaded into the upper end of the opening and is provided with a valveseat 64 for receiving the head 65 of a valve. The valve stem 63 extendsdownwardly through the piston opening 82 and carries a cross arm 61which 'extends through diametrically opposed guide slots 58 formed inthe hollow tubular member 4I. A spring 69 vinterposed between the member'33 and cross arm 51 serves to normally hold the valve head in seatedposition. y

The ends of the cross arm extend beyond the outer periphery of the tube4I, into thev spaces between the clutch lugs Iila depending from thebottom of the piston (Figures 1 and 4). Said arm is disposedconsiderably above the bottom faces of said clutch members as shownclearest in.

Figure 1. In removing the apparatus from the well, section A is liftedupwardly until the lugs 26a on the clutch member 35 enter the spacesbetween the lugs I9a and engage the cross` arm 61, thereby lifting thevalve head 65 lfrom its seat and permitting the-free flow of fluidthrough the plunger as the apparatus is withdrawn from the well casing.Upon ,lowering the apparatus into the casing the combined resistance ofthe fluid and the frictional resistance of the springs 5I with thecasing, tend to keep the plunger 33 well up into the cylinder 32 andaway from the clutch member 35. During this downward movement, the fluidis free to pass upwardly through the passage 18 of the valve stem. The

`ball valve 1I is of course raised from its seat,

thus permitting fluid to enter the chamber O and pass upwardly throughthe hollow tubular member I3.

In order to build up the necessary pressure within the chamber O andtube I3 during the operation of the working cylinder, it is essential lto provide closure' means within the passage leading to the tubingstring' II and above the openings 34 leading into the space S betweenthe packers I4 and I5. It is also necessary that means be provided forpermitting the free passage of fluid through the closure, upon loweringthe apparatus into, and raising it from the well. I accomplish the abovenecessities through a bypass structure which is normally maintained inan open position during the movement of the apparatus into the well, butwhich is closed prior to the cleaning operation, as by dropping anelement down the tubing string, which lsupports v the apparatus Awithinthe well. Upon raising the apparatus from the well,the by-pass structureis acted upon by fluid pressure to effect an lopening thereof forpermitting the passage-of fluid through the cleaning apparatus.

The by-pass structure is embodied within the coupling 26 which connectsthe tubing string II with the tubular member I3 of the cleaningapparatusl It includes a cylindrical member 12 which is supported on aninternal shoulder 13 of the coupling 26. rI'he bottom of saidcylindrical member is provided with a threaded opening to receive amember 14 having a valve seatV 15 formed therein. A 'valve 16 isprovided with a stem 11 Awhich extends through an enlarged opening 18 inthe member 14 and carries `on its upper'end a disc -18' having a seriesof peripheral openings 19 therein for the passage of fluid. The discslidably engages the internal wall 'of the cylinder 12 and carries anupwardly extending portion which has. a chamber 8l formed therein. Saidportion is externally threaded to receive a threaded cap 82, whichserves to clamp a frangible disc 83 against the upper end of the member88. The valve 16 is normally held open by the engagement ofthe-frangible disc with a plunger pin 84, which is carried by a plungermember 85 slidably mounted in a plate 86 carried on the upper end of thecylindrical member 12. A spring 81 urges the frangible disc against theplungerpin 84, which together with its supporting member 85, isrestrained against upward movement by the engagement of a shoulder 88 onthe member 85 with the plate 86. The plate 86 is supported on the upperend of the cylindrical member 12 and is provided with a number ofopenings 89 for the passage of fluid.

Said plate is stationarily held between the upper which the lower end ofthe tubing string II is threaded.

As the apparatus is lowered into a fluid filled well casing, the fluidis free to pass upwardly through the passage D, lifting the ball valve1I upon entering the chamber O. 'I'he fluid is free 'to continueupwardly through the tubular member I3 and through the by-passconstruction, which is maintained in the open position shown in Figure2. Passages BI are provided in the tubing string II, above the by-passconstruction, to permit the flow of uid into the well casing. Uponreaching the desired location within the well, the slip mechanism may beset in a manner heretofore described, for stationarlly supporting theplunger 33 within the casing. The valve 16 of the by-pass mechanism maythen be closed as by dropping an element down the tubing string II. Saidelement is adapted to strike the head 92 of the plunger member 85,whereupon the plunger pin 64 breaks the frangible disc, the

pieces of which fall into the chamber 8-I formed in the member. 80. Uponbreaking the frangible disc, the spring 81 forces the valve 16 to closedposition. It will be obvious how a closed cham- .ber is establishedwithin the apparatus, the only openings therein being the passages 34leading from the tubular member I3 into the confined space or chamber Pdefined by the spaced packing members I4 and I5, thus making possiblethe establishment of a tzgemendous pressure within said closed chamberpon moving the section A downwardly over the tationarily supportedplunger 33. It will alsore obvious how a fluid pressure iscorrespondingly applied to the space P during its movement along theperforated casing, thus forcing fluid outwardly through the perforationsto effect a scavenging thereof. Upon moving section A upwardly, the areawithin the ciosd chamber is increased and a fluid pressure differentialis produced back through the perforations, through the confined space P,and into the closed chamber, whereby vto enhance the cleaning of theperforated casing length traversed by the space P.

The fluid pressure within-the chamber or space `P is progressivelyincreased during the displacement of fluid from the closed pressurechamber upon downward movement ofthe section A, thus insuring a thoroughcleaning of the perforao tions at the bottom of the stroke. It willaccordingly be unnecessary to provide for an overlapping of the washingstroke upon each setting of the device, -thus facilitating in a cleaningof the entire length of perforated casing in a minimum of time.

When it is desired to move the apparatus within the casing, thelanchormeans H may be released in a manner heretofore fully described, byrotating and lifting the tubing string I i An easy removal of theapparatus from the well is provided by establishing a free fluid pa.sage downwardly through the apparatus as heretofore described. Uponupward movement of the apparatus, the uppermost packing member 23 forcesfluid through the passages 9| of the tubing string II, into the cylinder12 of the by-pass structure, where the fluid pressure acts on the`'upper surfaces of the various parts to open the valve 16 and permitthe free'passage of fluid. The engagement of the clutch elements withthe cross arm 61 maintains the valve 65 in open position during theupward movement, thus establishing a fluid passage through the plunger33.

Figure 6 is a modified form of by-pass construction, which for purposesof illustration is shown embodied in a coupling 93, used for connectingmy apparatus with a string of tubing. It includes a cylindrical member94 which is seated on an internal shoulder 95 of the coupling andcarries a member 96 having a valve seat 91 formed therein. 'I'he stem 98of. avalve 99 extends through an enlarged opening in the member 96 andhas an externally threaded portion formed on-its upper end which definesa chamber 0| A threaded cap |02 serves to retain a frangible disc |03 onthe/member 96, and the entire valve structure is normally held in anopen positionby the engagement of the frangible disc with a plunger pin|04 formed on a plunger arm |05. The opposite ends of `the plunger armare contained in diametrically opthe slot |06and the plunger arm isurged against the upper end of the slot |01 by the spring |08 to assumethe angular position shown in the drawing. However, upon being struck byan element'dropped through the tubing string, it will be obvioushow theplunger arm will swing downwardly to force the .plunger pin through thefrangible disc, whereupon the spring |08 forces the valve closed.vSuitable openings (not shown) might be provided in the tubing string|09 for permitting iiuid pressure to act on the upper surfaces of thevalve structure to open the same when removing the apparatus from aiiuid filled weli. v

I'claim:

i. In an apparatus for cleaning perforations inpipe and the like: meansmovable in said pipe and defining a coniined space therein, means formoving said space defining means, and means including a cooperativecylinder and plunger within said pipe but outside of. said conned spacefor applying pressure to said conned space during the movement of saidspace defining means..

2. In an apparatus for cleaning perforations in pipe and the like:packing means movable in said pipe and defining a confined spacetherein. means for moving said packing means, and means including acooperative cylinder and plunger within said perforated casing butoutside of said'conned space for applying pressure to said confinedspace during the movement of4 said packing means.

3. In an apparatus for cleaning perforations i in pipe and the like:packing means movable in said pipe and defining a confined spacetherein, means for moving said packing means, and means interiorly ofsaid perforated pipe but outside of said confined space for producing amovement of fluidto and from said confined space through theperforations of. said pipe during the r'movement of saidr packing means.

4. In an apparatus for cleaning perforated pipe and the like: a pair ofrelatively fixed spaced said packing members and cylinder with respectto said plunger for forcing a pressure uid into said confined space assaid packingmembers are moved within the perforated pipe.

5. In an apparatus for cleaning perforatedIf pipe and the like; a pairof relatively fixed spaced packing members adapted to engage theinterior of said pipe and to be moved relative thereto; means forsupporting said packing members; a cylinder, means for supporting, thecylinder for movement with said packing members, said cylinder havingcommunication with the space therebetween through said supporting means;a plunger, and means for stationarily supporting said plunger withrespect to said cylinder, said plunger being cooperative with saidcylinder for forcing a pressure fluid from said cylinder into the spacebetween said packing members during their movement within the perforatedpipe. A

6. In an apparatus for cleaning. perforated pipe and thel like: a pairof relatively fixed spaced packing members adapted to engage theinterior of said pipe and to form a confined space therein; means formovably supporting said packing members; a cylinder, means forsupporting the cylinder for movement with said packing' members, saidcylinder communicating with said confined space; a plunger cooperativewithin .the cylinder, and means for stationarily supporting said plungerwithin the perforated pipe as said` cylinder is moved downwardlyrelative thereto for forcing a pressure duid into said confined spaceduring. the,` movementl of said packing members.

,'7. In an apparatus for cleaning perforated pipe and the like: a pairof relatively fixed spaced packing devices adapted to engage theinterior of said pipe and to form a confined space therein; means formovably supporting said packing devices; a cylinder, means forsupporting the cylinder for movement with said packing devices, saidcylinder communicating with said confined space; a plunger cooperativeWithin thed cylinder, and means for stationarily supporting said plungerwithin the perforated pipe as said of said pipe and to form a confinedspace therein; a hollow member supporting said packing members andhaving an cipening leading into 'said confined space; a cylinder, meansfor supporting the cylinder for movement with said packing members, saidcylinder being in communication with the confined space through saidhollow supporting member; a plunger in said cylinder; means forstationarily supporting said plunger with respect to said cylinder; anda string of hollow tubing for supporting and actuating said packingmembers and cylinder with respect to said plunger.

9. In an apparatus for cleaning perforated pipe and the like: a pair ofrelatively fixed spaced packing members adapted to engage the interiorof said pipe and to form a confined space therein; means for movablysupporting said packing members; Vmeans including 'a cooperativecylinder member and piston member within said perforated pipe forapplying fluid pressure to said confined space during the movement ofsaid packing means for supporting one of said cooperative members formovement with said packing members, and means for stationarilysupporting the Vother of said members with respect to said first member.

10. An apparatus for cleaning perforated pipe and the like including:packing means adapted to engage the interior of said perforated pipe andto form a confined space therein; means for movably supporting saidpacking means; means including a cooperative cylinder and piston withinsaid perforated pipe for applying pressure duid to said confined spaceduring the movement of said packing means; and means forming avalvecontrolled by-pass in one of said cooperating members.

11. An apparatus for cleaning perforated pipe andthe like including:packing means adapted to engage the interior of said perforated pipe andto form a coni-ined space therein; means formovably supporting saidpacking means; means including a cooperative cylinder member :and pistonmember within said perforated pipe for applying pressure iiuid to saidconfined space during the movement of said packing means; means forminga by-pass in one of'. said cooperating members; valve means associatedwith said by-pass, and means associated with the other of saidcooperating members for actuating said valve means.

12. In an apparatus for cleaning perforations in pipe and the like: apair of relatively fixed spaced packing members adapted to engage theinterior of said pipe and be moved relative thereto, means for movablysupporting said packing members, a cylinder, means for supporting thecylinder for movement with said packing members, said cylinder beingcommunicative with the space between said packing members, a plungercooperative within said cylinder, means for stationarily supporting theplunger in said pipe as said cylinder and packing members are moved bymeans associated with said cylinder for rendering said passagecommunicative with .said cylinder.

13. In an apparatus for cleaning perforated pipe and thelike in a well,a pair of relatively fixed spaced packing members adapted to engage theinterior of said pipe and be moved relative thereto, means for vmovablysupporting said packing members, a cylinder, means for supporting thecylinder for movement with said packing members, said cylinder beingcommunicative with the space between the packing members, a plungercooperative within said cylinder, means for stationarily supporting theplungery in said pipe as said cylinder and packing members are movedrelative thereto, said plunger having a passage therethrough, valvemeans for said passage, and means for acting on said valve to maintainit in open position when the apparatus is moved bodily within the well.

14. In an apparatus for cleaning perforated pipe in a well, a pair ofrelatively iixed spaced packing members adapted to engage the interiorof said pipe and be moved relative thereto, means for movably supportingsaid packing members, a-

movement with said packing members, said cylinder being communicativewith the space between the packing members, a plunger cooperinder andpacking members are moved relative thereto, said plunger having a pairof passages therethrough, separate valve means for each of -saidpassages, one of said valves being actuated passage of iiuid throughsaid plunger when the.

apparatus is moved in the oppositedirection.

15. In an apparatus for cleaning perforated pipe and the like in a well,a plunger, means for releasably supporting said plunger within theperforated pipe, valve means associated with said plunger for permittingthe f ree passage of fluid therethrough as the apparatus is raised andlowered within the well, a pair of relatively xed packing membersadapted to engage Athe interior of said pipe and form ya coniined spacetherein,l a hollow member for movably supporting said packing members,said hollow member having an opening communicating with said confinedspace, a cylinder ,cooperative with said plunger, means for supportingthe cylinder for movement with said packing members and with respect tosaid plunger for forcing a pressure fluid into said confined spaceduring the movement of said packing members, and valve means in saidhollow supporting member above the opening leading into said coniinedspace, said valve being operable by dropping an element down the hollowsupporting member.

16) In a device for circulating liquid through perforations in Wellcasing, means deiining a space in cooperation with the well casing, saidmeans including a pair of relatively iixed memlbers, means disposedwithin the well casing outside of said space defining means foralternately passing liquid from the space through the perforations, andthen passing liquid from the perforations into 'said space, and meansfor moving said space defining means as liquid is passed to and fromsaid space.

17. In a device for'circulating liquid through perforations in wellcasing, means dening a space in cooperation with the well casing, saidmeans including a pair of relatively iixed members, means for movingsaid space deiining means with respect to the casing, and means disposedwithin the well casing outside of said space defining means for passingliquid front the space through the perforations during the movement of said space dening means.

v18. In a device for `circulating liquid through perforations in wellcasing, means defining a space in cooperation with the well casing, saidmeans cluding a pair of spaced members in fixed relation to each other,(means for moving said space defining means with respect to the wellcasing, and means operative by the movement of said space deiining meansbut outside of said space deiining means for effecting the passage ofliq-` uid through lthe perforations traversed by said 7| space duringthe movement of said 'space denn ing means. v

20. In a device for circulating liquid through perforations in wellcasing, meansv deiininga space in cooperation with the well casing andinmeans for supporting one of saidv elements for movement with said spacedeiining means,- and.

means ior stationarily supporting said members.

the other of 2l. In a device for circulatingliquid through Vperiorationsin pipe and the like,A means denning a space in cooperation with thepipe and in communication with some of said pertorations, means formoving said space denning means with respect to said pipe, means foreffecting the passage oi liquid through the peri'orationsl traversed bysaidl space, said means including cooperative piston and cylinderelements, one of said elementsbeing movable with said space definingmeans, and the other of said elements being s'ta- Y tionarily supportedwithin the pipe.

22. In an apparatus for circulating liquid through perforations in wellcasing and the like, means deiining axspace in cooperation with the wellcasing, means for -movably supporting said space deiining means in .saidcasing, and means disposed within the well casing outside of said spacedefining means for effecting the passage of .liquid into said space andalso through the perforations traversed therebyduring the move ment ofsaid space derlnina` means,

23. An apparatus for circulating liquid through `periorations in welicasing, embodyingl a pair oi relatively movable sections, meam forlowering1 said sections together vto Aa predetermined zone within :theWell casing, means for stationarlly supporting one of said sections,means for moving 24. An apparatus for circulating liquid throughperforations in well casing, embodying' a pair or relatively movablesections, means for lowering Asaid sections together to a predeterminedzone within the well casing, means forstationarilysupporting none ofsaid sections, means for moving the other of said sections with respectto said ilrst section. a pair of packers, means ior supporting saidpackers in nxed spaced relation for movement with said movably supportedsection, .said .packers forming a space in cooperation with`theoasing,s.pressurecreatingmeansincluding '7' cooperative piston andcylinder elements, said cylinder element being communicative with saidspace, means for supporting one of said cooperatlve pressure creatingyelements for movement -with the movably -supported section, the othero1' said elements being supported by said stationarily supported'section, and means forming 'a passageway between said packerarandopening into the well casing outside of thespace defined by saidpackers. l

25. An apparatus for circulating liquid through perforations inwellcasing. embodying a pair of relatively movable sections. means forlowering said sections together to a predetermined zone within the wellmeans for stationarily supthe -\other of said sections with respect tosaid nrst section, a pair /of packers, means for supporting saidpackersv in fixed spaced relation for movement with said 'movablysupported section,

' said packers forming -a space in cooperation with the casing, apressure creating means including cooperative piston and cylinderelements, said cylinder element being communicative with said space,vmeans for supporting one of said cooperporting one of said sections.means for moving ative'pressure creating elements vfor movement s withthe movably.supported section, the other of said elements beingsupported by said stationarily supported section, and means forming avalve-controlled passageway between saidpackers, and opening into the'well casing outside of A the space dened by said packers. I

26. An apparatus for circuiatvmgfnquid through perforations in wellcasing, embodying a pair of relatively movable sections, means forlowering said sections together to a predetermined acne within the wellcasing, means for stationarily supporting onevo said sections, mea formoving the other oi saisi sections with respect to said iirst section,,a pair of packers, means for sup-S porting said packers in ixedspaced`relation for movement with said movably supported section, said packersa space in cooperation with the casing., a pressure creating meansinciudmg cooperative piston and cylinder eiements, sail cylinder elementbeing communlcativswiti'; sail space,- xneans for supporting one of saidcooperative pressure creating elements for movemen' with the moi/ablysupported section, the other -of said elements being supported by said.stationspace in cooperation with the casing, means for movablysupporting said packing means, means including a cooperative cylinderand piston oper-v ative within the well'ior electing the passage*A o!liquid from the space through the periorations during the movement ofthepackingmeans,:and

means .forminga passageway between said packers and opening into thewell Vcasing outside oi' the space donned by said packers.

LANDES H. HAYWARD.

